⚓ Beat to Quarters – Companion App Guide

Comprehensive guide to the digital companion for Barry J. Fox's Age of Sail naval wargame

★ Recent Updates

The following mechanics have been added or revised in the latest version of the app. They are active in every Historical Scenario by default (all house rules are now ticked on load).

Damage Control parties (Carpenter & Pumps)

Each ship card now has a 🛠 Damage Control panel with two toggles next to the existing Fire Party / Flood Magazine controls:

• 🪚 Carpenter's Party — patches 1 waterline hit per turn, but only if that ship took no fresh hull damage on the same side during the just-finished turn. Crew committed: ~3% of complement, clamped to 15–40 men.
• ⛓️ Pump Party — offsets flooding caused by unpatched waterline hits. Without pumps, each unpatched hit adds 1 flooding point per turn; with pumps active, the bulk of that is cancelled, and an idle pump party relieves 1 flooding/turn when there are no fresh hits. Crew committed: ~5% of complement, clamped to 25–60 men.
• 💧 Magazine flood is permanent for the battle. Restoring a drowned magazine (drying the filling room, striking up replacement powder from the reserve) historically took many hours — longer than any single fleet action — so there is intentionally no recovery party.

If flooding climbs past a ship-size threshold (max(3, ceil(HVN/15))) a one-time 🌊⚠️ FOUNDERING warning is logged. Crew costs are shown in the panel but do not yet feed undermanning bands automatically — track them by eye for now. Tooltips on the 🌊 Waterline and 💧 Magazine badges have been updated to reflect the new rules.

Rigging damage tracking

The Ship Condition panel now shows two new carry bars next to Hull/Sails/Crew: GDN carry (progress toward the next hull-damage tick) and SVN carry (progress toward the next sail loss), plus the cumulative total rigging damage the ship has absorbed. Shots-going-high diversions and Full Sail's ×2 sail-damage strain are now logged with the post-multiplier value and the updated SVN carry, so a 37-pt rigging hit that doesn't cross SVN is still clearly visible. The shots-going-high log line was also reworded: the percentage shown is the trigger chance, not the magnitude.

Segmented movement planner

On the Movement tab each ship now has a Plan movement block. Queue up to 5 alternating segments (turn → straight → turn → straight → turn) instead of resolving a single combined move. The planner tracks a fractional speed budget against your current point-of-sail max, recomputes PoS after every turn segment, and deducts the standard 5% speed cost per turn. Commit the sequence to apply the final heading and headway in one click. Damage to sails or masts, full-sail multipliers, and crew penalties all flow through automatically.

Beating & Tacking (BTQ C.6) — strict gate

• Declare Beating button (Movement tab → green Maneuver block). Toggle it during a turn you are spending at Beating PoS. If you are still beating at end of turn, the app records "beat last turn", which unlocks Tack on the following turn only.
• Begin Tack is now locked unless you declared beating the previous turn. A small Override (manual) toggle appears next to it to bypass that one gate for edge cases — all other blockers (mast loss, light wind, not at Beating, dismasted, already tacking) still apply.
• The tack itself uses your full effective turn cap into the wind, spending exactly the rotation needed if the bow lands cleanly on the opposite tack, otherwise continuing for as many turns as required. Settling speed is capped at ½ of beating speed for the prevailing wind. Tacks cannot be cancelled (rule D) once begun.

In-Irons drift recovery — four-phase auto state machine

If a ship's start-of-turn PoS resolves to D (head-to-wind), the app automatically walks it through a four-turn recovery arc. No clicks are required; manual overrides are provided.

1. ① Locked drift — distance is forced to ⅓ of last turn's speed in the original heading. No turning, no tacking, no turn-point input.
2. ② Drifting with the wind — distance is ½ of beating-base speed in the wind direction regardless of bow. Turning points become available, tacking still forbidden.
3. ③ Beating restored (auto) — on the next advance the bow auto-swings back to the heading the ship had before entering irons. Use Hold drift (manual) to defer one more turn, or Force recover now to skip straight to this phase.
4. ④ First move — headway capped at 20 mm; normal sailing resumes next turn.

Cross-deck gunnery penalty

The Gunnery tab now tracks how much crew was committed to each arc this turn. If a ship fires one broadside and then fires the opposite broadside in the same turn, the second broadside's shortfall guns only (the ones not natively manned) receive a crew-quality NGM penalty: Crack −33%, Experienced −50%, Inexperienced −65%, Untrained −80%. Guns that do have native crew fire at full effect. The penalty and gun-count split are written to the battle log.

Manual overrides — quick reference

Where	Button	Effect
Movement → Maneuver	Override (manual)	Bypasses the prior-turn-beating gate on Begin Tack only.
Movement → In Irons	Hold drift (manual)	Skips the automatic return-to-tack on the next advance.
Movement → In Irons	Force recover now	Jumps directly to phase ③, snapping the heading immediately.
Movement → Maneuver	✓ Tack complete	While crossing only — declares the bow has cleared the wind.

Collisions & Ramming (BTQ K.0)

• Rigging-first damage split by tonnage: the smaller ship absorbs more. Hull spillover only kicks in for high-energy contacts (combined speed ≥ 1.2 of a full board length), size gaps of 3+ rates, or a declared ram.
• Crits: Extremity damage and Started Seams can trigger on heavy impacts.
• Fouling: friendly ships roll best-of-two d100 (≤25 bounces off clean); belligerent contacts always foul, seed a boarding pair automatically at 70% crew allocation, and both ships pay −2 SP lock-up damage.
• Fouled pairs move at ½ the average of their two speeds until one side breaks free.

Action Report popups

Every gunnery, grapple, cut-grapple, collision, boarding action, and morale event now surfaces a dramatised popup in addition to the log line. Popups show:

• Prose narration in an Aubrey/Maturin style, keyed off tactical tags (arc, range band, wind gauge, shot type, crits).
• Every roll and modifier that fed the outcome (base NGM, effective NGM, shot ×, rake ×, splinter, waterline, cross-deck penalty, damage split, final multiplier).
• Projected target losses at fire-time — crew casualties, guns dismounted, rigging damage, sails lost with SVN carry, and (new) mast sections and full masts projected to fall from this broadside. The mast projection is computed by dry-running the sail-damage roll against a cloned target, so the popup can display mast loss before you click Apply.
• Boarding volleys now report roll vs. target and officer musketry deaths, and any ship that hits 0 crew auto-strikes with a "Struck Colours" chip.

Disallowed gunnery (out of range, wrong shot/aim combo, magazine flooded, no guns in arc, double-shot cooldown, carronade double, closed heavy-weather ports) now raises a Cannot fire popup with a reason and a hint on how to correct settings, rather than failing silently.

Millimetre inputs everywhere

All distance inputs on Movement and Gunnery are in millimetres at 1/700 scale. Numeric fields now select-all on focus and use inputMode="decimal", so typing a new value on desktop or on a touch device no longer leaves a stray leading zero. The Reference tab range chart is still displayed in cm for readability but log messages are all in mm.

New Spanish frigates & Battle of Maio

• Diana (34, later armament: 26×12pdr + 14×6pdr, Inexperienced crew).
• Prueba (40, later armament: 28×24pdr Long + 12×24pdr Carronades, Inexperienced crew).
• Battle of Maio (23 January 1814) — four-player historical scenario, NE Fresh breeze, using the France–Royal Navy 1778–91 (0.91) national modifier. Bow/stern chase guns added to both squadrons; corrected crew and armament for Creole, Astraea, Sultane, and Étoile.

House rules now enabled by default on every scenario

Loading any Historical Scenario now ticks all house rules — including Enhanced Fire, Reduced Crew Damage, Modified Shot, Falling Masts, Weighted Sail Hits, Shot-Type Mast Chance, Crack Crew, Historical Ranges, Wind Gauge Effects, Gun Fouling, No Carronade Double, Enhanced Raking, Expanded Boarding, Percent Turn Penalty, PVN Surrender, PVN Crew Quality, and Officer Casualties. You can still toggle any of them off individually after the scenario loads.

Optional sound effects

The header now has a discreet 🔊 / 🔇 speaker toggle next to the donate button. Sound is off by default; the setting is remembered between sessions. When enabled:

• Beat to Quarters — a rolling snare-drum roll when you press New Game.
• Rolling broadside — a staggered multi-gun cannon sequence on the Gunnery FIRE button, not a single shot.
• Boarding melee — a layered track of clashing steel, muskets, pistols and shouting when you commit a boarding or counter-board action.

Donate button

A PayPal Donate Now button sits in the top-right of the header. It is completely optional — if the app is useful to you it helps cover hosting and continued development, and it's the same hosted button used by the companion Mast & Spar calculator.

1. Quick Start

Get playing in seven steps:

1. Set the wind: Choose a wind direction and strength at the top of the app (or let the app randomise it).
2. Add ships: Create vessels manually on the Ships tab, or click ⚓ Historical Scenarios to load a pre-configured action.
3. Plan movement: Use the Movement tab to calculate each ship's speed, heading changes, and remaining distance for the turn.
4. Fire broadsides: Switch to the Gunnery tab, select the firing ship, target, arc, range, shot type and aim, then press FIRE.
5. Track damage: Review hull, sail, crew, and special damage on the Damage tab. Apply manual sail removals or fires as needed.
6. Board enemy ships: When ships are in contact, use the Boarding tab to grapple, assign crew, and resolve boarding combat zone by zone.
7. Advance the turn: Click Advance Turn to progress to the next game turn. Every 10 turns the app checks for wind changes.

2. Getting Started

What is Beat to Quarters?

Beat to Quarters is a detailed miniatures wargame of Age of Sail naval combat during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1775–1815), designed by Barry J. Fox and originally published in 1981. The 2025 edition was prepared by Linus Spjutsberg with Barry's full collaboration, adding modern presentation, updated nationality modifiers, and optional house rules.

What does the companion app do?

The companion app automates all the calculations that the tabletop game requires—gunnery damage, hull and sail tracking, crew casualties, surrender points, fire progression, movement speeds, and more. Every ship is still unique, every gun calibre and nationality modifier still matters, but the arithmetic happens behind the scenes so players can focus on commanding their vessels.

3. Game Setup

Wind

At the top of the app you'll find the wind controls:

• Wind Direction: A 32-point compass. The wind blows from the direction shown (an easterly wind blows west). You can tap any compass point or use the random button.
• Wind Strength: Choose from Calm, Slight Air, Light Breeze, Gentle Breeze, Moderate Breeze, Fresh Breeze, or Gale. This determines maximum ship speeds and affects fire spread, lower gun port closures, and tacking restrictions.

Turn Counter

The turn counter tracks the current game turn. Use Advance Turn to progress. Every 10 turns the game checks for wind changes per the rules (C.1.2 and C.2.2).

Core Rules (Always Active)

These rules are always in effect and cannot be toggled off:

Double Shot Range Restriction

Double shot can only be fired at Point Blank or Close range. Historically, double-shotting at medium range was ineffective — the extra weight killed muzzle velocity, making the shots inaccurate and weak at distance.

Dismasting Cascade (10%)

When a mast section is destroyed, there is a 10% chance that the falling rigging pulls down a section on an adjacent mast (e.g., foremast rigging entangled with mainmast, or mainmast with mizzen). The cascaded section suffers its own sail loss, same-mast cascade, crew casualties (if Falling Mast Casualties is enabled), and SP loss. Only one level of cascade occurs — no chain reactions.

Grapple Size Penalty

Ships attempting to grapple a vessel 2 or more classes larger suffer a penalty to the grapple roll, reflecting the difficulty of throwing grapnels upward to a ship with significantly higher freeboard. The penalty is −15 per rank difference beyond 1 (e.g., a 6th Rate grappling a 3rd Rate = 3 ranks difference = −30 penalty). Class ranks: 1st/2nd Rate = 1, 3rd = 2, 4th = 3, Large Frigates = 4, 5th/6th = 5, Sloops/Corvettes = 6, Brigs/Snows = 7, small craft = 8.

Untrained Crew Quality

A fourth crew quality tier below Inexperienced, representing poorly trained crews (Ottoman coastal forces, Spanish colonial militia, pressed landsmen). Stats: −0.2 NGM (accuracy penalty), −15 boarding NBCF modifier, −20 morale threshold (easier to break), no Initial Broadside bonus, no fire extinguishing bonus. The full quality chain is: Crack → Experienced → Inexperienced → Untrained. Officer kills can degrade quality down to Untrained; officer recovery restores one step per 5 turns (capped at original quality).

House Rule Toggles

The app supports several optional rules that can be toggled on or off:

• Enhanced Fire Rules: Activates the detailed fire mechanics (L.4)—fire spreading, intensity levels (minor/major/conflagration), magazine explosion risk, and smoke effects.
• Reduced Crew Damage: Changes the crew-casualty divisor. Default (rule off): 1 crew casualty per 1 damage point applied to the crew column (i.e. 1 damage = 1 man). With rule on: 1 crew casualty per 6 damage points. Significantly reduces crew attrition from gunnery and is recommended for any scenario where you want to fight to the last ship rather than the last man.
• Shot Type Modification: Enables modified shot type multipliers that rebalance the relative effectiveness of different ammunition types. See the Shot Type Modification Table below for exact values.
• PVN Surrender: Applies the Point Value Number ratio surrender penalties from rules H.1.5 and H.1.6. See PVN Ratio Surrender below.
• Crew Quality affects PVN (CQM): Multiplies each ship's PVN by a crew-quality multiplier so scenario balance reflects training. Crack ×1.25 (requires the Crack Crew rule), Experienced ×1.00, Inexperienced ×0.85, Untrained ×0.70. See Crew Quality PVN Multiplier below.
• Falling Mast Casualties: When a mast section is destroyed, random crew are killed based on ship class — 1st–3rd rate: 0–15, 4th–6th rate: 0–10, others: 0–5. When toggled off, mast destruction causes no crew casualties.
• Shot-Type Mast Destruction: Makes mast destruction chance depend on ammunition type — Dismantling: 40%, Ball: 20%, Double/Grape/Canister: 0% (no mass to damage masts). When toggled off, a flat 35% chance applies regardless of shot type.
• Weighted Sail Hits: Upper sails are more likely to be hit — topgallants have ×3 weight, topsails ×2, and courses ×1. When toggled off, all remaining sails have equal chance of being hit.
• Crack Crew: Adds a third crew quality tier. Crack crew acts as Experienced for all purposes (initial broadside eligibility, fire extinguishing bonus) but also adds +0.2 to the nationality gunnery modifier, reflecting elite training. When toggled off, the Crack option is hidden from crew quality dropdowns.
• Alternate Ranges: Corrects the range hierarchy so heavier guns outrange lighter ones — historically accurate. The 48# Long has the greatest range (200cm extreme), while lighter calibers like 9# Long have shorter ranges (120cm). The French 36 Livre Long gun is treated as a 38-pounder equivalent, slotted between 42# and 36# Long. Carronade ranges remain unchanged. When toggled off, the default BTQ range tables apply (where lighter guns with longer barrels can outrange heavier calibers).
• Gun Fouling: After sustained continuous fire from a single arc, carbon buildup reduces accuracy. Penalty tiers: 5–9 consecutive turns firing = −0.1 NGM, 10–14 turns = −0.2, 15+ turns = −0.3. Not firing an arc for one full turn resets its fouling counter (representing the crew swabbing the guns). The penalty is logged each time it applies.
• No Carronade Double Shot: Historically, double-shotting a carronade was dangerous due to the short barrel. When enabled, arcs containing only carronades cannot fire Double shot. In mixed arcs (long guns + carronades), the long guns fire Double while the carronades automatically fire Ball instead. When toggled off, all gun types can fire Double normally.

Wind Gauge Effects (Geometry of Fire)

Enhanced Raking Fire (Storm of Splinters)

Expanded Boarding Combat

Scale Selector

A dropdown at the top of the app lets you choose which miniature scale you're playing with:

• 1/1200 (default) — baseline scale. All distances match the values written in the rules.
• 1/700 — multiplies all distances by 1.714 (ratio 1200÷700) for larger-scale miniatures.
• 1/2400 — halves all distances (×0.5) for smaller-scale miniatures.

Affected values: movement speeds, range band thresholds, recommended scenario distances, and the Range Comparison Chart.

Unaffected values: damage, crew size, gun poundage, PVN, tonnage — all non-distance mechanics remain unchanged.

4. Ships Tab

Creating a Ship

Tap Add Ship to create a new vessel. You'll need to enter:

• Name: The ship's name (e.g., HMS Victory).
• Class: The rate or type—1st Rate, 2nd Rate, 3rd Rate, 4th Rate, Large Frigate/Razee, 5th Rate, 6th Rate, Sloop/Corvette, Brig/Snow, or Other.
• Tonnage: The ship's tonnage in tons. This is doubled to give the Hull Value Number (HVN).
• Sails: Number of sails the vessel carries (see B.4 for guidance: 10 for rated ships, 7 for brigs, 4 for schooners, etc.).
• Crew: Total crew complement on a one-to-one scale.
• Nationality: Determines the Nationality Gunnery Modifier (e.g., British Royal Navy = 1.0, French Imperial = 0.58) and the Nationality Boarding Casualty Factor.
• Crew Quality: Four tiers available: Experienced (standard), Inexperienced (baseline/penalty), Untrained (poorly trained, −0.2 NGM, −15 boarding, −20 morale), and Crack (elite, +0.2 NGM — requires the Crack Crew house rule). Untrained is always available.

Gun Configuration

For each ship, you configure the broadside armament:

• Broadside Guns: Enter each gun battery separately—poundage, total quantity on the ship, and whether it's a long gun or carronade (suffix 'c'). The app automatically splits the total into broadsides.
• Bow Chasers: Typically 1–2 long guns that fire forward.
• Stern Chasers: Typically 1–2 long guns that fire aft.

Special Options

• Fore & Aft Rigged: Check this for schooners, cutters, xebecs, and similar vessels. These ships can sail closer to the wind (5 points instead of 6) when beating.
• Side / Alliance: Assigns the ship to a side (A, B, C, D, or a custom name like "Franco-Spanish"). Ships on the same side are allies and cannot grapple each other unless the target has already struck. Side is shown as a color-coded badge on each ship card—click the badge to cycle between sides. Historical scenarios auto-assign sides based on nationality groupings.
• Merchant: Marks the ship as a merchant vessel, which affects PVN calculation and restricts boarding (cannot initiate).
• Unarmed: For unarmed merchantmen—automatically surrenders upon being engaged.

Derived Statistics

The app automatically calculates these from your inputs:

Abbreviation	Full Name	Formula
HVN	Hull Value Number	Tonnage × 2
SVN	Sail Value Number	HVN ÷ (Sails × 1.3)
GDN	Gunnery Damage Number	HVN ÷ Total Guns
LGBWN	Long Gun Broadside Weight Number	Sum of (qty × poundage) for long guns in one broadside
CBWN	Carronade Broadside Weight Number	Sum of (qty × poundage) for carronades in one broadside
PVN	Point Value Number	Broadside value × Nationality modifier × Tonnage (carronades at half value)

Ship Cards

Each ship appears as a card showing:

• Ship name, class, and nationality
• Current heading (32-point compass)
• Status indicators: LOWER CLOSED (lower gun ports shut in heavy weather), 🔻 DISMASTED (all masts lost), fire status
• Grappled status and grappling partner
• Hull, sail, and crew damage percentages
• Current Surrender Points (SP)

5. Movement Tab

Point of Sail

The app calculates each ship's position relative to the wind using the 32-point compass system:

• Quarter Reaching: 10–13 points off the wind (fastest point of sail)
• Running: 14–16 points off (wind from astern)
• Reaching: 8–9 points off
• Beating: 6–7 points off (5–7 for fore & aft rigged)
• In Irons: 0–5 points off (ship cannot sail into the wind)

Speed Tables

Maximum speed in millimetres is determined by ship class, wind strength, and point of sail. The app displays the current maximum speed for each ship based on these factors. Ships may travel at any speed up to their maximum, with acceleration/deceleration limits:

• Acceleration: up to 100% faster than previous turn's speed
• Deceleration: down to 50% of previous turn's speed

Heading Changes

Change a ship's heading by selecting a new compass point. The app tracks the turning point cost (15mm deducted per point turned). Maximum turning points depend on ship class (3 points for 1st rates up to 10 for small craft).

Drifting

Dismasted ships or those with no sail set drift downwind at their drifting speed.

6. Gunnery Tab

Firing Procedure

The app implements the two-step gunnery system from the rules (F.9):

1. Step 1 – Finding Hits: D × R × Q (dice roll × range modifier × quantity of guns)
2. Step 2 – Finding Damage: H × P × N × S (hits × poundage × nationality modifier × shot modifier)

Setting Up a Shot

• Firing Ship: Select which ship is firing.
• Target: Select the enemy vessel.
• Arc: Port Broadside, Starboard Broadside, Bow Chasers, or Stern Chasers.
• Distance: Point Blank, Close, Medium, Long, or Extreme range. Each has its own modifier.

Shot Types

Shot Type	Modifier	Max Range	Effect
Ball (Round Shot)	1.0	Extreme	Standard shot, damages hull. High or low aim.
Double Shot	1.25	Close	Two balls per gun. High or low aim. Maximum 3 consecutive turns per arc — after 3 turns of double shot, must fire a different type for at least 1 turn.
Dismantling (Chain/Bar)	2.5	Medium	Targets rigging and sails. High aim only. Maximum 8 available.
Grape Shot	1.50	Close	Anti-personnel, crew only. Low aim only. Maximum 4 available.
Canister	2.50	Point Blank	Maximum anti-personnel effect, crew only. Low aim only. Maximum 4 available.

Shot Type Modification Table

Hull Shots Going High

When aiming at the hull at longer ranges, some shots may go high and hit the rigging instead. This uses a two-roll system:

1. First roll (d100): Determines if any shots go high, based on range:

Range	Chance of Shots Going High
Point Blank	0%
Close	0%
Medium	15%
Long	30%
Extreme	50%

2. Second roll (d100): If the first roll succeeds, a second roll determines what percentage of the broadside's damage hits rigging instead of hull (1–100%). The remaining damage still hits the hull.

Example: At Long range (30% chance), the first roll succeeds. The second roll is 45 — so 45% of the damage hits rigging and 55% hits the hull.

Aim Types

• Hull: Damage applied to the hull damage column. At longer ranges, a two-roll system determines if some shots go high: first a chance roll, then a percentage roll to split damage between hull and rigging (see above).
• Rigging: Damage applied to the sail damage column.
• Crew: Damage specifically aimed at crew (used with Grape/Canister).

Raking

When firing into an enemy's bow or stern, the raking bonus applies—significantly increasing damage. The app detects raking geometry and applies the appropriate modifier.

Initial Broadside

The first time a ship fires its broadside in a battle, it receives an Initial Broadside bonus (guns loaded carefully before battle, double-shotted). This is tracked per side (port/starboard) and per ship.

Partial Broadside

If only some guns bear on the target, you can fire a partial broadside by selecting fewer guns.

Simultaneous Fire (Deferred Damage)

When multiple ships fire in the same turn, players can choose to defer applying damage until all ships have fired. This simulates simultaneous broadsides and prevents first-mover advantage where one ship's damage degrades the other before it can return fire.

The Gunnery tab calculates and logs all hits independently. Players then apply accumulated damage on the Damage tab at the end of the turn rather than immediately after each shot. This is particularly useful in duels where both ships exchange broadsides — neither side gains an unfair advantage from firing first.

Lower Gun Port Closure

In Gale conditions, multi-deck ships must close their lower gun ports. The app displays LOWER CLOSED on affected ships and prevents firing those guns.

7. Damage Tab

Hull Damage

Hull damage is tracked as cumulative damage points. The percentage of hull damage (points ÷ HVN) determines:

• Surrender Points lost: 1 SP per 5% hull damage
• Gun losses via the GDN threshold
• Special damage checks (see below)
• At 80% hull damage, the ship begins to sink

Special Damage Rolls

Each time hull damage crosses a 5% threshold, a d100 is rolled for special damage:

d100 Roll	Result	SP Lost
1	Fire starts	−1 SP
2–3	Rudder destroyed	−2 SP
4–5	Wheel destroyed	−1 SP
6–100	No special damage	—

Sail & Mast Damage

Sail damage is tracked separately. When cumulative sail damage reaches each SVN threshold, a sail is lost. Losing all sections of a mast causes a cascade—upper sections fall with the lower. Dismasting (losing all masts) incurs a −3 SP penalty and the ship displays the 🔻 DISMASTED indicator.

Mast Section SP Loss (BTQ 6.98)

For every 10% of total mast sections destroyed, the ship loses 1 SP. This is tracked cumulatively and is separate from the total dismasting penalty.

Surrender Points (SP) — Complete Reference

All ships start with 10 SP (some scenarios may vary). SP are lost for:

Cause	SP Lost
Every 5% hull damage	1
Every 10% of mast sections destroyed (BTQ 6.98)	1
Total dismasting (all masts lost)	3
Loss of wheel (special damage)	1
Loss of rudder (special damage)	2
Being grappled or boarded	2
Ship on fire	1
Crew at 75% remaining	1
Crew at 50% remaining	2
Crew at 25% remaining	3
Crew at 10% remaining	3
Crew at 0%	Ship strikes its colours (auto-surrender)

When SP reaches 0, the ship must strike its colours (surrender).

PVN Ratio Surrender (Rules H.1.5 & H.1.6)

Crew Quality PVN Multiplier (House Rule)

Fire System

When Enhanced Fire Rules are active:

• Fire Age: Each fire tracks how many turns it has been burning. Age determines intensity—Minor (1–2 turns), Major (3–5 turns), Conflagration (6+ turns).
• Fire Spread: Each turn, every active fire rolls d100; on a roll ≤ the wind chance below, it spreads to a new section. Slight breeze 15 %, Light 25 %, Gentle 35 %, Moderate 45 %, Fresh 60 %, Gale 60 %.
• Magazine Explosion: Roll d100 each turn the fire is burning. Chance of explosion by fire age (turns since the fire started): turn 1–3 = 0 %, turn 4 = 5 %, turn 5 = 10 %, turn 6 = 20 %, turn 7 = 35 %, turn 8 + = 50 %. On a positive roll the ship is destroyed (SP → 0, all fires cleared).
• Flooding the Magazine: Crew can flood the magazine (1 turn, 20% crew) to eliminate explosion risk, but the ship can no longer fire any guns.
• Organized Fire Party: 15% of crew permanently assigned to firefighting receives +10 to extinguishing rolls.

Ship Condition Summary

The Damage tab includes a consolidated Ship Condition panel for each vessel, showing all damage states at a glance:

• Guns Remaining: Per-arc breakdown by battery type (e.g., "12×24# Long Gun, 4×32# Carronade"), color-coded green (full), yellow (reduced), or red (zero) compared to original counts.
• Structural Damage: Rudder destroyed, wheel destroyed, mast sections lost.
• Crew Status: Current crew quality tier. If an officer casualty has degraded quality, a red warning is shown: "⚠️ Officer killed (was [Original Quality])".
• Special Damage: Waterline hits count (if any), magazine flooded status, grappled status, and gun fouling per arc (if the Gun Fouling house rule is enabled).

Manual Controls

The Damage tab also provides manual controls for:

• Remove Sail: Manually remove a specific sail section.
• Start Fire: Manually start a fire on a ship (for scenario events or fireship actions).

8. Boarding Tab

Alliance System & Grapple Restrictions

Ships are assigned to a Side (A, B, C, D, or custom names like "Franco-Spanish"). Ships on the same side are allies. Allied ships cannot grapple each other unless the target has already struck — this allows prize crew operations on captured allied vessels. The grapple target dropdown automatically filters out active allied ships. Historical scenarios auto-assign sides based on nationality (e.g., British = Side A, French/Spanish = Side B).

Prize Crew Transfer

After a ship strikes and is grappled, the captor can Transfer Prize Crew from the Boarding tab:

• Select how many crew to transfer (10–25% of captor's current crew, minimum 10)
• The transfer takes 3 turns to complete (historically, securing a prize required time to disarm the crew, secure magazines, and take the helm)
• The captor's crew is reduced immediately; a progress bar shows the transfer
• After 3 turns, the prize ship's status changes to "Prize", its side updates to the captor's, and the transferred crew becomes its operational crew

Multi-Ship Grappling

The Boarding tab centralizes all grapple and boarding controls. Only ungrappled ships can initiate a grapple, but targets can already be grappled by other ships — this allows multiple ships to grapple a single target, as happened historically. Targets already grappled are marked "(already grappled)" in the dropdown.

Engagement Cards

Each grappled pair is displayed as an engagement card showing:

• Attacker / Defender Role Badges: Each ship is clearly labelled with an ⚔ Attacker (orange) or 🛡 Defender (blue) badge, based on who initiated the grapple. This helps identify which ship should be committing boarding party vs. defenders.
• Last Turn Result Banner: After each boarding round, an inline banner at the top of the status section shows the outcome (e.g., "Last: ⚔ Bulwark — HMS Victory wins! Losses: Victory: 12, Bucentaure: 18"), colour-coded green for attacker win, red for defender hold, or yellow for a draw.
• Crew health bars for both ships (color-coded: green >50%, yellow >25%, red ≤25%)
• Crew allocation (when Expanded Boarding is enabled): Boarding Party (BP), Defenders (Def), and Reserve (Res) counts. Shared Crew Pool: When a ship is grappled to multiple opponents, all boarding allocations across all pairs draw from a single shared crew pool. The total BP + Def + Res across all engagements cannot exceed the ship's available crew (crew minus losses). Each engagement card shows "Avail / Used / Free" counters to help track the pool. When a new grapple is established, the default allocation is applied only to the remaining unallocated crew. If gunnery casualties reduce the pool below current allocations, all assignments are proportionally scaled down automatically.
• 4-area progress strip (Bulwark / 1st Half Deck / 2nd Half Deck / Stern) — green ✓ Taken = attacker holds, red ✗ Lost = defender holds, yellow ⚔ Contested = draw (area fought over with equal casualties), gray — = not yet contested.
• Cut Grapples buttons for each ship in the pair
• Counter-Board buttons (Expanded Boarding, when eligible)
• Boarding action buttons: The attacker's row is labelled "⚔ Ship A boards Ship B"; the defender's row is labelled "↩ Ship B counter-attacks Ship A" and only appears when the defender has a boarding party assigned. Already-captured areas are disabled to prevent wasted actions.

Prerequisites

1. Ships must be grappled (only from the Boarding tab).
2. One full game turn must pass after grappling before boarding can begin.

Boarding Zones

Boarding is fought in four sequential zones:

1. Bulwark: The initial fight at the ship's side. Attackers must overcome defenders here first.
2. 1st Half Deck: The forward portion of the upper deck.
3. 2nd Half Deck: The aft portion of the upper deck.
4. Stern: The final defensive position. Capturing this means capturing the ship.

Only one boarding action per ship per turn. The app resolves casualties using the Nationality Boarding Casualty Factor (NBCF) for each nation. When Expanded Boarding is enabled, NBCF uses the allocated crew group sizes rather than total crew.

Nationality Boarding Casualty Factors

Each nationality has a specific NBCF that determines how effective their crews are in boarding actions. British crews, for example, are among the best boarders, while some nations are less effective in close combat. Casualties are computed as committed_enemy_crew ÷ your_NBCF — a lower NBCF means your side inflicts more casualties, so British (low NBCF) hurt the enemy more than Spanish colonial militia (high NBCF) for the same crew committed.

Expanded Boarding — Detailed Walkthrough

When the Expanded Boarding house rule is enabled, the simple "roll NBCF on total crew" of the base game is replaced with a tactical layer: crew is split into three roles, a pre-melee musket volley fires for the first two turns, officers can be killed, morale can break, and the defender gets a real chance to push the attacker back via counter-boarding. The mechanics below are exactly what the app applies; every roll and modifier is logged.

1. Crew Allocation (BP / Def / Res)

When a grapple is established, the engaged ship's available crew (current crew minus losses) is split into three pools:

• Boarding Party (BP) — men who cross over to fight on the enemy deck.
• Defenders (Def) — men holding your own bulwarks against incoming boarders.
• Reserve (Res) — uncommitted men kept back for counter-boarding or reinforcement.

Role-aware defaults: the ship that initiated the grapple defaults to 70 % BP / 20 % Def / 10 % Res; the ship that was grappled defaults to 0 % BP / 70 % Def / 30 % Res. This reflects the historical norm: defenders lined the bulwarks and held a reserve aft, but committed no hands to cross over.

Shared crew pool across multiple grapples: if a ship is grappled to two or more opponents, all BP/Def/Res allocations across all engagements draw from one shared pool. Total BP + Def + Res across all pairs cannot exceed available crew. Each engagement card shows Avail / Used / Free counters. Adding a new grapple only allocates from the remaining unallocated men, so you won't accidentally overcommit.

Auto-rescale on casualties: if a gunnery hit or musketry volley drops the pool below the current allocations, all three groups across all engagements are proportionally scaled down (logged explicitly).

Worked example. A 200-crew British frigate is grappled by two Spanish ships A and B in succession. She is the defender in both. After grapple A she gets 0 / 140 / 60 (0 % / 70 % / 30 % of 200). After grapple B is added, only 60 men remain unallocated, so engagement B starts with 0 / 42 / 18 (the same 0/70/30 split, but of 60). A later 30-casualty broadside hit triggers a proportional rescale across both pairs.

2. The Four Zones & Turn Flow

Boarding is fought through four sequential areas: Bulwark → 1st Half Deck → 2nd Half Deck → Stern Castle. Each engagement card shows a 4-block strip:

• Grey — = not yet contested.
• Green ✓ Taken = attacker holds this area.
• Red ✗ Lost = defender successfully held.
• Yellow ⚔ Contested = a draw (equal casualties), fight it again next turn.

Each ship can take one boarding action per turn (and one ship can only board or counter-board in the same turn — not both). The Last Turn Result Banner at the top of the status section recaps the previous round in plain English (e.g. "Last: ⚔ Bulwark — HMS Victory wins! Losses: Victory: 12, Bucentaure: 18"), colour-coded green / red / yellow for attacker win / defender hold / draw.

3. Musketry Volley (Turns 1–2 only)

For the first two turns after grappling, both sides exchange a pre-melee musket volley each turn. Merchants cannot fire a volley (untrained crews, no organised musketry), but they do receive enemy volleys in full — casualties and the officer-kill chance both apply. Each side rolls d100; on 1–25 a volley lands, raised to 1–35 if the firing ship has ≥ 20 % soldiers aboard. Casualties are scaled by ship size (small craft a handful of men, ships-of-the-line 15–30+). On the same d100, a roll of 1–5 is a 5 % officer-kill — because 5 is below the hit threshold, every officer-kill roll also lands a successful volley. Officer kills degrade the target's crew quality by one tier (Crack → Experienced → Inexperienced → Untrained).

4. Melee Resolution & Officer Kills

Each boarding action rolls a d100 for both sides, applies crew-quality modifiers (Crack +10, Experienced +0, Inexperienced −10, Untrained −15), looks the result up on each nationality's NBCF table, and inflicts enemy_committed_crew ÷ your_NBCF casualties on the enemy. Side with fewer losses wins the area (equal losses = Contested draw).

Every melee round also carries an independent 3 % officer-kill chance on the enemy, stacking with musketry. Officer recovery: the surviving lieutenants reorganise — every killed officer is restored one quality tier after 5 turns, capped at the ship's original quality (e.g. an original-Crack ship degraded twice to Inexperienced will recover to Experienced after 5 turns and back to Crack after 10).

5. Counter-Boarding (the defender's punch back)

Counter-boarding lets the defender commit their Reserve in a sortie against the enemy boarding party, with the chance to physically push the fight back one area. Buttons appear on the engagement card when eligible.

Eligibility (all required):

• Expanded Boarding house rule is on.
• You have ≥ 1 Reserve assigned to this engagement.
• You haven't already boarded or counter-boarded this turn (it consumes your turn action).
• Fighting is at Bulwark or 1st Half Deck only. Once the attacker reaches the 2nd Half Deck, reserves auto-commit into defenders and the counter-board window closes.

Resolution step-by-step:

1. Both sides roll d100. Apply quality mods (Crack +10 / Inexperienced −10; Untrained and Experienced get 0 in the counter-board roll).
2. Look each adjusted roll up on the relevant nationality's NBCF table.
3. Compute losses:
   • Enemy boarding party loses your_Reserve ÷ your_NBCF men.
   • Your reserve loses enemy_BP ÷ enemy_NBCF men.
4. Side that took fewer losses wins the counter-board.

On success: the attacker's deepest captured area is cleared (push-back by one zone). Your reserve takes its rolled losses but stays a reserve — you can counter-board again on a future turn if reserves remain and the fight is still at Bulwark / 1st Half Deck.

On failure: your surviving reserve is permanently merged into Defenders for that pair — you cannot counter-board this engagement again. (This matches the auto-commit that happens once fighting reaches the 2nd Half Deck.)

Worked example. HMS Victory (British, NBCF table favourable, 30 Reserve) counter-boards Bucentaure (French, 50 BP committed) at the 1st Half Deck.

• Victory rolls 62, Crack +10 → 72. British NBCF at 72 ≈ 1.8 → Bucentaure loses 30 ÷ 1.8 ≈ 17 men.
• Bucentaure rolls 48, no mod → 48. French NBCF at 48 ≈ 2.5 → Victory's reserve loses 50 ÷ 2.5 = 20 men.
• Victory's losses (20) are greater than Bucentaure's (17) → counter-board fails. The remaining 10 reservists merge into Defenders; no further counter-boards from Victory in this pair.

Tactical notes. Counter-boarding is your single best lever as the defender, but the window is narrow — once the attacker secures the 2nd Half Deck it's gone. Keep at least a small Reserve alive on every engagement if you want to retain the option. Initiating a grapple as the "defender" of an already-captured prize? You'll still default to 0 % BP, so manually allocate a Boarding Party first or you'll have nothing to commit.

6. Morale Break Rules

After each boarding round, if the losing side has lost ≥ 50 % of original crew, a d100 morale check fires: base 40, Crack +20 / Experienced +10 / Inexperienced −10 / Untrained −20, plus −5 per area already lost. Failure has three flavours:

• Attacker breaks: the boarding party retreats. All captured areas in that pair reset to grey — but the ships remain grappled, so you can try again next turn (if you still have BP and morale to spare).
• Defender breaks with reserve: survivors merge with the reserve to defend the next area; counter-boarding is disabled for the rest of this engagement.
• Defender breaks without reserve: the ship strikes — status = Captured, SP set to 0. You can now run prize-crew transfer.

7. Surrender, Capture & Prize Crew

Once an enemy ship is captured (whether by reaching the Stern Castle or by morale break without reserve), use Transfer Prize Crew in the same Boarding tab to formally take her: 10–25 % of your remaining crew, minimum 10 men, 3-turn transfer to a fully operational Prize on your side.

9. Crew Tab

Optional Crew Assignment

The Crew tab implements the optional crew assignment system (rules M.0 and P.4). This is for players who want detailed crew management.

Crew Allocation

• Sailing Crew: HVN ÷ 12 men required to work the ship properly (HVN ÷ 30 with the house rule).
• Gun Crews: Each gun type requires a specific number of crew to operate. The full reference table:

  Long Guns	Crew		Carronades	Crew
  48-pounder	14		68-pdr carronade	4
  42-pounder	14		42-pdr carronade	4
  36-pounder	12		36-pdr carronade	4
  32-pounder	12		32-pdr carronade	4
  30-pounder	12		24-pdr carronade	3
  29-pounder	12		18-pdr carronade	3
  24-pounder	10		12-pdr carronade	2
  18-pounder	8
  12-pounder	8
  9-pounder	6
  8-pounder	6
  6-pounder	4
  4-pounder	4
  3-pounder	3
  ½-pdr swivel	2

• Fire Fighting: 10% of crew per fire.

Undermanning Effects

If there aren't enough crew for all tasks, penalties are applied on a continuous sliding scale based on the percentage of crew shortage:

• Gunnery (Accuracy): The penalty to hit equals the percentage of crew shortage (e.g., 30% short = −30% to hit). At 50%+ shortage, guns cannot fire at all.
• Gunnery (Per-Arc Firing Limit): When gun crew is insufficient, the system also limits how many guns can physically fire per arc. Available crew is allocated to guns one by one — any gun that cannot be fully crewed will not fire. For example, if an arc has 5 × 24-pounders (needing 10 crew each = 50 total) but only 30 gun crew are available, only 3 guns fire. This is logged in the battle log.
• Sailing (Speed): Speed is reduced in 10% increments matching the crew shortage (rounded up to the nearest 10%). At 90%+ shortage, the ship drifts only.
• Sailing (Turning): The turn cap is also reduced by 10% per 10% crew shortage (rounded down). For example, a ship with a turn cap of 4 that is 30% short on sailing crew loses 30% of its turns → 1.2 → rounded down to 1 → effective cap of 3.

10. Reference Tab

The Reference tab provides a weapon range comparison chart showing the effective ranges for all long gun and carronade calibres at each range band (Point Blank through Extreme). This is useful for planning engagements and understanding when different batteries come into play.

11. Battle Log Tab

The Battle Log records all significant events during the game, stamped with the turn number:

• Gunnery results (hits, damage, gun losses)
• Sail and mast damage
• Fire events (starts, spreads, extinguished, explosions)
• Surrender point changes
• Boarding results
• Special damage (rudder, wheel)

The log provides a complete narrative of the battle that can be reviewed at any time.

12. Game Management

Save & Auto-Save

The app automatically saves your game state to your browser's localStorage. Your game persists between sessions as long as you don't clear browser data.

Export / Import

• Export: Save your entire game state as a JSON file. Useful for backing up games, sharing scenarios with other players, or moving between devices.
• Import: Load a previously exported JSON file to restore a game state.

New Game

Resets all ships, damage, and the turn counter to start fresh.

Restart Turn

Reverts any changes made during the current turn, allowing you to redo actions if needed.

13. Historical Scenarios

The Historical Scenarios feature allows you to load pre-configured famous single-ship actions from the Age of Sail. Each scenario sets the wind conditions, crew experience levels, and full ship data (armament, tonnage, crew complement) based on historical records.

How to Use

1. Open the Ships tab.
2. Click ⚓ Historical Scenarios to expand the scenario selector.
3. Browse the available scenarios — each shows the date, a tactical description, and whether it is historical or fictional.
4. Click Load Scenario and confirm. This resets the current game and creates both ships with all their gun decks, crew, and experience pre-configured.

What Gets Set Automatically

• Wind: Direction and strength matching the documented conditions of the action (e.g., Light Breeze from the SW for Speedy vs El Gamo).
• Crew Experience: Each ship's crewQuality is set to Experienced or Inexperienced based on the historical record. For example, Cochrane's elite crew on the Speedy is Experienced, while El Gamo's poorly trained Spanish conscripts are Inexperienced.
• Nationality Modifiers: Some scenarios use special nationality entries — Shannon uses "Great Britain - Captain Broke Shannon 1813" (modifier 1.14) and Chesapeake uses "U.S. Navy Lawrence Chesapeake 1813" (modifier 0.90), reflecting the documented disparity in crew drill.
• Full Armament: All gun decks including carronades, bow chasers, and stern chasers are configured with historically accurate poundages and quantities.

Available Scenarios

Scenario	Date	Weather	Key Historical Context
Speedy vs El Gamo	6 May 1801	Light breeze, SW	Lord Cochrane's tiny 14-gun brig (Experienced crew of 54) vs a 32-gun Spanish xebec-frigate (Inexperienced crew of 319). One of the most extraordinary single-ship actions in naval history.
Shannon vs Chesapeake	1 Jun 1813	Gentle breeze, W	Captain Broke's superbly drilled Shannon (special modifier 1.14) vs Lawrence's newly assembled Chesapeake (modifier 0.90). The action lasted only 11 minutes.
Constitution vs Guerriere	19 Aug 1812	Fresh breeze, SW	Hull's heavy frigate (Experienced) vs Dacres' 38-gun frigate (Experienced but with a damaged mizzenmast before the action began).
Constitution vs Java	29 Dec 1812	Moderate breeze, NE	Both Experienced crews. Java carried 426 men including supernumeraries bound for the East Indies.
United States vs Macedonian	25 Oct 1812	Moderate breeze, S	Decatur's heavy 44-gun frigate with 42-pdr carronades (Experienced) vs Carden's outgunned 38-gun Macedonian (Experienced).
Nymphe vs Cléopâtre	18 Jun 1793	Gentle breeze, NW	Pellew's well-drilled Nymphe (Experienced) vs Cléopâtre with an Inexperienced Revolutionary crew — many officers had been replaced for political reasons.
Essex vs Phoebe	28 Mar 1814	Fresh breeze, N	Porter's carronade-heavy Essex (Experienced but disadvantaged at range) vs Hillyar's long-gun-armed Phoebe (Experienced). Heavy weather favoured Phoebe's stand-off tactics.
Amethyst vs Thétis	10 Nov 1808	Moderate breeze, W	Both Experienced. The smaller 36-gun Amethyst defeated the larger 44-gun Thétis off Lorient.
HMS Surprise vs Acheron (fictional — 2003 film)	1805	Moderate breeze, SE	From the 2003 film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (the Acheron does not appear in O'Brian's novels). Aubrey's small 28-gun Surprise (Experienced) vs the heavily armed 44-gun French privateer Acheron (Experienced).
HMS Lydia vs Natividad (fictional)	1808	Gentle breeze, NE	From C.S. Forester's Hornblower series. Hornblower's 36-gun Lydia (Experienced) vs the 50-gun Spanish Natividad crewed by Inexperienced colonial sailors.

Famous Ships Library (roster prefill)

When creating a new ship, use 📜 Prefill from Famous Ships to populate the form with a historically sourced vessel from the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars — frigates, super-frigates, razees (including HMS Majestic), ship-sloops and brig-sloops from Great Britain, France, the United States, Spain and Denmark. Stats (tonnage, sails, crew, armament, bow/stern chasers) follow BTQ sail-count rules and are sourced from threedecks.org and Wikipedia. You can edit any field before adding the ship to your roster, so the library doubles as a fast way to build custom single-ship actions.

Appendix: Reference Tables for Off-App Play

Everything in this appendix is what the app uses internally. With these tables on hand you can run every house rule at the table without the companion app. Page numbers in parentheses point back to the rule section.

A. Nationality Gunnery Modifier (NGM)

Multiplies broadside accuracy. Apply once per ship. Merchants take an additional −0.3 (floored at 0). Crack adds +0.2 (house rule); Untrained subtracts −0.2.

Nationality	NGM
Denmark 1801	0.65
Denmark 1807	0.76
France — Royal Navy 1778–91	0.91
France — Republican Navy 1792–1801	0.38
France — Imperial Navy 1803–1815	0.58
France — Privateers 1792–1801	0.34
France — Privateers 1803–1815	0.59
Great Britain — Royal Navy 1775–1815	1.00
Great Britain — Mail Packets 1812–15	0.44
Hapsburg Empire	0.42
Kingdom of Italy 1803–1815	0.45
Kingdom of Naples 1806–15	0.40
Kingdom of Sardinia 1792–1801	0.41
Kingdom of Sardinia 1803–1815	0.48
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 1792–1801	0.40
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 1803–1815	0.47
Ottoman Empire 1792–1815	0.15
Portugal 1775–1801	0.24
Portugal 1803–15	0.37
Republic of Batavia 1796–1801	0.43
Republic of Batavia 1803–1814	0.49
Republic of Liguria	0.27
Republic of Venice 1792–1797	0.45
Russia 1788–1801	0.44
Russia 1803–15	0.51
Spain — Navy 1775–83	0.36
Spain — Navy 1792–1801	0.41
Spain — Navy 1803–1815	0.48
Spanish Privateers 1792–1801	0.38
Spanish Privateers 1803–1815	0.44
Sweden 1788–1801	0.46
Sweden 1803–1815	0.54
United Provinces of the Netherlands 1780–1795	1.00
U.S. Continental Navy 1775–1783	0.50
U.S. Navy 1798–1811	0.90
U.S. Navy 1812–15	1.00

B. Nationality Boarding Casualty Factor (NBCF) Tables

Roll d100 each side (apply Expanded-Boarding crew-quality mods: Crack +10, Inexperienced −10, Untrained −15; merchants attacking suffer an extra −20). Look the adjusted roll up on the firing side's table to get the NBCF number. Casualties inflicted on the enemy = your committed crew ÷ your NBCF. A lower NBCF is better (you inflict more).

United States 1775–1815

d100	NBCF
76–100	2
56–75	3
26–55	6
1–25	12

Great Britain — Royal Navy 1775–1815

d100	NBCF
82–100	3
34–81	6
25–33	9
1–24	12

France — Imperial Navy 1803–1815 / Holland

d100	NBCF
82–100	9
73–81	15
37–72	18
1–36	39

Spain 1792–1808 / Portugal

d100	NBCF
84–100	9
67–83	24
50–66	30
1–49	45

Sweden / Denmark / Russia 1792–1815

d100	NBCF
82–100	6
34–81	9
25–33	11
1–24	18

Default (any nationality not listed above)

d100	NBCF
81–100	15
61–80	30
41–60	39
1–40	45

C. Alternate Ranges (House Rule)

Distances in cm at 1/1200. Multiply by 1.714 for 1/700 and by 0.5 for 1/2400. PB is always 0–2 cm. Carronade ranges are unchanged from the standard table and are included for completeness. The corrected hierarchy means heavier guns outrange lighter ones; the French 36-Livre Long is treated as a 38-pounder equivalent and is slotted between 42 # and 36 # Long.

Gun	Close	Medium	Long	Extreme
48# Long	2.1–25	25.1–55	55.1–85	85.1–200
42# Long	2.1–25	25.1–54	54.1–83	83.1–197
36 Livre Long (= 38#)	2.1–24	24.1–53	53.1–82	82.1–193
36# Long	2.1–24	24.1–52	52.1–80	80.1–190
32# Long	2.1–23	23.1–50	50.1–77	77.1–183
30# Long	2.1–23	23.1–49	49.1–75	75.1–180
29# Long	2.1–23	23.1–49	49.1–75	75.1–178
24# Long	2.1–22	22.1–46	46.1–70	70.1–168
18# Long	2.1–20	20.1–40	40.1–62	62.1–148
12# Long	2.1–18	18.1–36	36.1–55	55.1–130
9# Long	2.1–17	17.1–33	33.1–50	50.1–120
8# Long	2.1–16	16.1–32	32.1–48	48.1–115
6# Long	2.1–15	15.1–30	30.1–45	45.1–108
4# Long	2.1–14	14.1–28	28.1–42	42.1–100
3# Long	2.1–13	13.1–26	26.1–39	39.1–93
½# Swivel	2.1–8	8.1–15	15.1–23	23.1–54
68# Carronade	2.1–14	14.1–23	23.1–35	35.1–94
42# Carronade	2.1–14	14.1–21	21.1–32	32.1–86
36# Carronade	2.1–12	12.1–20	20.1–31	31.1–84
32# Carronade	2.1–10	10.1–20	20.1–30	30.1–83
24# Carronade	2.1–9	9.1–18	18.1–27	27.1–75
18# Carronade	2.1–8	8.1–16	16.1–24	24.1–68
12# Carronade	2.1–7	7.1–14	14.1–21	21.1–60

D. Fire Spread & Magazine Explosion

Fire spread chance per active fire per turn (roll d100 ≤ value to spread one section):

Wind	Spread chance
Slight breeze	15 %
Light breeze	25 %
Gentle breeze	35 %
Moderate breeze	45 %
Fresh breeze	60 %
Gale	60 %

Magazine explosion chance by fire age (turns since the fire started; roll d100 ≤ value):

Fire age	Chance
1–3 turns	0 %
4 turns	5 %
5 turns	10 %
6 turns	20 %
7 turns	35 %
8+ turns	50 %

A positive magazine roll destroys the ship: SP → 0, all fires cleared, status = Exploded. Flooding the magazine (1 turn, 20 % crew) cancels the check entirely but disables every gun on the ship for the rest of the action.

E. Musketry Volley Casualty Dice (Expanded Boarding)

Ship class	Casualties on successful volley
Brigs, Snows, Pojama, Gondola, Ketch, Galley, Polacca, Schooner, Cutter, Xebec, Sloop	1d3
5th & 6th rates	1d6
Large Frigates / 4th rates	2d6
3rd rates and above	3d6

Volley hits on d100 ≤ 25 (≤ 35 if firing ship has ≥ 20 % soldiers aboard). Officer-kill on d100 ≤ 5 (5 %, only on turns 1–2, always also a successful volley).